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1494
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11
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France
: Charles VIII begins invasion of
Italy and enters through Florence
Charles entered Italy via Piedmont in
1494 and marched south to Pisa, Florence
and Rome. Naples was entered without
a battle in February 1495. However,
such an apparently successful advance
into Italy could only provoke hostility
and Charles was a long way from home.
In March 1495 the Holy League of Venice
was formed. This was a combination of
Papal, Imperial, Spanish, Venetian and
Milanese power. This represented to
Charles a far too formidable force and
he retreated back to France. However,
to get there he did have to fight the
League in July 1495 at the Battle of
Fornovo. The ‘battle’ lasted just 15
minutes and Charles managed to get his
army back to France intact. The king
of Naples re-established his control
and for Charles the campaign was a disaster.
Weblink : History
Learning Site |
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1495
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12
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Charles
VIII enters Naples and is crowned King
of Naples then retreats to Northern
Italy. (See above for overlap). |
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1495
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12
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Ferdinand
II reconquers Naples |
|
1495
|
12
|
Peace
between France and allies |
|
1495
|
12
|
Jews
expelled from Portugal |
|
1495
|
12
|
Da
Vinci paints the Last Supper |
|
1498
|
15
|
Charles
VIII of France succeeded by Louis XII
|
|
1498
|
15
|
Columbus
sets out on third voyage. |
|
1498
|
15
|
Vasco
De Gama discovers Sea route to India |
|
1499
|
16
|
War
between the Turks and Venice - defeat
of the Venetian fleet |
|
1499
|
16
|
Spanish
Inquisitor General, Cisneros, introduces
mass forced conversions of Moors, causing
great Moorish revolt in Granada |
|
1500
|
17
|
Pope
Alexander VI proclaims Year of Jubilee
and imposes a tithe for Crusades against
Turks
Visit Wikipedia
for the Bio of Pope Alexander VI, né
Rodrigo Borgia (January 1, 1431 - August
18, 1503)
... His manners were agreeable and his
appearance fascinating, but, like many
other prelates of the day, his morals
were far from blameless, his two dominant
passions being greed of gold and love
of women, and he was devoted to the
children his mistresses bore him. An
excellent example of the extreme levels
of corruption and immorality then present
in the papacy was the Banquet of Chestnuts,
an episode famous in the history
of pornography. |
|
1500
|
17
|
Ferdinand
of Aragon suppresses Moorish revolt
in Granada |
|
1500
|
17
|
Juan
de la Cosa makes map of New World |
|
1500
|
17
|
De
Ojeda and Vespucci return after discovering
mouth of Amazon River |
|
1500
|
17
|
Columbus
arrested and imprisoned for rehabilitation
|
|
1500
|
17
|
First
lead pencils used |
|
1500
|
17
|
First
recorded Caesarian Operation |
|
1500
|
17
|
First
regular post route between Brussels
and Vienna |
|
1501
|
18
|
Moors
resist Spanish Army. Ferdinand I declares
Granada a Christian Kingdom. |
|
1501
|
18
|
Ismail
I conquers Persia- founded Safavid dynasty
The Safavid Shah Ismail I overthrew
the White Sheep Turkish rulers of Persia
to found a new native Iranian empire.
Ismail expanded Iran to include all
of present-day Azerbaijan, Iran, and
Iraq, plus much of Afghanistan. Ismail's
expansion was halted by the Ottoman
Empire at the Battle of Chaldiran in
1514, and war with the Ottomans became
a fact of life in Safavid Iran. Weblink:
Wikipedia
|
|
1501
|
18
|
Ivan
III of Moscow invades Lithuania
[Background Bio : Ivan III called "The
Great" (1440-1505) ruler of Russia
and Grand Duke of Russia (1462-1505).
He succeeded in shaking off entirely
yoke of the Tartars and in subjecting
a number of the Russian principalities
to his own sway. In 1472 he married
Sophia, a niece of Constantine XI Palaeologus,
assumed the title of Ruler of All Russia,
and adopted the two headed eagle of
the Byzantine Empire]. |
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1501
|
18
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Martin
Luther is 18 at Erfurt |
|
1501
|
18
|
Books
against the authority of the church
are burn by order of Papal Bull Erasmus |
|
1501
|
18
|
Michelangelo
creates "David" Sculpture
|
|
1501
|
18
|
Swift
development of book printing and typography
- Since 1445 more than 1000 offices
and 35,00 books and 10 million copies |
|
1502
|
19
|
Columbus
on 4th voyage (& last) finds Honduras
and Panama |
|
1502
|
19
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Vasco
de Gama founds Port Colony of Cochin,
India |
|
1502
|
19
|
Peter
Henlein of Nuremberg constructs the
Nuremberg egg - the first watch |
|
1503
|
20
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Henry,
Prince of Wales, betrotherd to Catherine
of Aragon. |
|
1503
|
20
|
James
IV of Scotland marries Margaret Tudor,
daughter of Henry VII |
|
1503
|
20
|
Da
Vinci paints Mona Lisa
The title Mona Lisa stems from the Giorgio
Vasari biography of Leonardo da Vinci,
published 31 years after Leonardo's
death. In it, he identified the sitter
as Lisa, the wife of wealthy Florentine
businessman Francesco del Giocondo.
"Mona" is a common Italian contraction
of "madonna," meaning "my lady," the
equivalent of the English "Madam", so
the title means "Madam Lisa." In modern
Italian the short form of "madonna"
is usually spelled "Monna," so the title
is sometimes, though rarely, given as
Monna Lisa. Weblink: Wikipedia
|
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1503
|
20
|
Nostradamus
born |
|
1505
|
22
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Henry,
Prince of Wales, denounces marriage
contract to Catherine |
|
1505
|
22
|
Martin
Luther enters Augustinian Monastery
at Erfurt |
|
1505
|
22
|
Christopher
Columbus dies |
|
1505
|
24
|
Martin
Luther Ordained |
|
1507
|
24
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New
World to be called America after Amerigo
Vespucci
After his explorations in 1501-1502,
he was one of the first explorers to
come up with the idea that these places
he had visited were not part of Asia
(as Columbus thought) but rather were
part of a "New World."
Weblink: Library:
ThinkQuest |
|
1508
|
25
|
Martin
Luther student at University of Wittenberg
|
|
1508
|
25
|
Michelangelo
begins painting the Sistine Chapel |
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1509
|
26
|
Henry
VIII crowned and marries Catherine of
Aragon
Catherine of Aragon was the youngest
surviving child of Ferdinand and Isabella
of Spain. When she was three year old,
she was betrothed to Arthur, the son
of Henry VII of England. Arthur was
not even quite two at the time. When
she was almost 16, in 1501, Catherine
made the journey to England. After the
wedding and celebrations, the young
couple moved to Ludlow Castle on the
Welsh border. Less than six months later,
Arthur was dead. Catherine was now a
widow, and still young enough to be
married again. Henry VII still had a
son, this one much more robust and healthy
than his dead older brother. The English
king was interested in keeping Catherine's
dowry, so 14 months after her husband's
death, she was betrothed to the future
Henry VIII, who was too young to marry
at the time. By 1505, when Henry was
old enough to wed, Henry VII wasn't
as keen on a Spanish alliance, and young
Henry was forced to repudiate the betrothal.
Catherine's future was uncertain for
the next four years. When Henry VII
died in 1509 and one of the new young
king's actions was to marry Catherine.
She was finally crowned Queen of England
in a joint coronation ceremony with
her husband Henry VIII on June 24, 1509.
Weblink:
Tudor History |
|
1509
|
26
|
John
Calvin born |
|
1509
|
26
|
Persecution
of Jews in Germany |
|
1509
|
26
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Converted
Jew, Johann Pfeffercorn receives papal
permission to destroy all Jewish books
esp. Talmud - Humanist Johann Reuchlin
opposes this. |
|
1509
|
26
|
Earthquake
destroyes Constantinople |
|
1508
|
27
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Luther
in Rome as delegate of his order |
|
1510
|
27
|
Leonardo
Da Vinci designs Horizontal Water Wheel
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