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History Pages
Various
Authors
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Martin
Luther
Timeline
Page
1 - 1452 - 1493
A Brief overview of
the world Martin Luther grew up in:
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1452
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31yrs
before ML was born
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September
21: Girolamo Savonarola is
born of a noble family in Ferrara..
He was an Italian religious and political
reformer. (More) |
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1483
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10
months before ML was born
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February
14th: Zahir al-Din Mohammed
Babur Shah, founder of the Moghul
dynasty and famous conqueror of India,
was born. He was known as Babur
(Babar / Baber) which means "the tiger"
and was a descendant of Genghis Khan
the infamous Mongol Warrior.
Weblink : Wikipedia |
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1483
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8
months before he was born
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April
6th: Italy : Raphael or Raffaello
a painter and architect of the Florentine
school in the Italian High Renaissance
was born.
Weblink : Wikipedia |
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1483
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8
months before he was born
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April
9th: England : The
Mystery of the Two Princes After
the sudden death of Edward IV his son,
also called Edward, inherited the throne
at the age of 12. His father's brother,
Richard Duke of Gloucester was given
the role of Protector to Edward V and
his brother Richard, Duke of York Just
3 mon ths later on June 25th, the nephews
were declared illegitimate by the Parliament.
Apparently evidence was brought that
showed that their father had been betrothed
to Lady Eleanor Talbot before marrying
their mother, consequently making the
marriage invalid. The young boys were
sent to the Tower of London and were
never seen in again. Nobody knows what
happened to them and this mystery has
been the subject of many books since.
Of course, being next in line to the
throne, their Uncle and Protector Richard
became King after Edward.
Weblink
: Wikipedia
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1483
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2
months before he was born
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September
3rd: Nicolaus Von
Amsdorf, (1483-1565), German
Protestant reformer, was born at Torgau,
on the Elbe. Nicolaus was a strong supporter
of Martin Luther Weblink : Wikipedia
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1483
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1
month before he was born
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October
17th : Tomas de Torquemada,
a Dominican, was appointed inquisitor-general
of Spain in this year. He was
also confessor to Ferdinand II and Isabella
I. Wikepedia says, "... Ferdinand was
not above using religion as a means
of controlling his people. He wanted
the Jewish and Muslim religions wiped
out in his domains, and the Inquisition
was his method for achieving that...
". Tomas was strategically instrumental
in the expulsion of Jews from Spain
later in 1492 - Weblink : Wikipedia
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1483
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Same
year of his birth
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Christopher
Columbus - The World Book tells
us that in this day Portuguese sailors
were trying to reach Asia by sailing
around Africa. Christopher Columbus
had other ideas and believed that sailing
due west would be an easier way. At
the age of 32 Christopher Columbus managed
to get an audience with King John II
of Portugal and his counci. He showed
them his plans in the hope of gaining
their support - he was refused.
Apparently Columbus' plan was based
in part on two major miscalculations
1. He under-estimated the circumference
of the world by about 25 percent. 2.
He also mistakenly believed that most
of the world consisted of land rather
than water. He did not have to prove
to the council that the world was round
because educated people at that time
knew it was .... The king's advisers
thought that Portugal's resources should
be invested in finding a route around
Africa to Asia.
Weblink : Worldbook
Information |
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1483
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Edward
V succeeds Edward IV of England |
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1483
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Newborn
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November
10th:
Martin Luther
Born |
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1485
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2
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England
: Henry VII, son of Edmund Tudor, defeated
Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth
Field and was declared King.
This was the beginning of the Tudor
Dynasty. Henry was determined to bring
order to England after 85 years of civil
war. He married Elizabeth of York, thus
combining the feuding Lancaster and
York factions within the Tudor line
and eliminating further argument over
rights to succession.
Weblink : Britannica.Com
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1485
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2
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England
: The Yeomen of the Guard - A permanent
military corps in attendance on the
sovereign of England, as part of the
royal household, whose duties, now purely
ceremonial, were originally that of
the sovereigns personal bodyguard. They
are the oldest existing body of the
kind, having an unbroken record from
1485, as well as the oldest military
body in England ....Henry VII created
this guard after the battle of Bosworth
Field - Weblink : Encyclopedia.org
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1487
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4
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Malaga
: Spaniards conquer Malaga from
the Arabs Located in one of the
most important and ancient communication
routes in Europe (the Straight of Gibraltar)
and isolated from the rest of Spain
by the Penibética Mountain Range,
Malaga has been a place of settlement
for many peoples since ancient times:
the Phoenicians gave it its current
name, the Greeks established flourishing
colonies (Mainake, Torre del Mar) and
the Romans made it a part of their empire.
But it was Arab rule, lasting until
the latter years of the 15th century,
which most contributed to the identity
of Malaga. Muslim Malaga, was part of
the kingdom of Granada until the Catholic
Kings incorporated it to the rest of
Christian Spain (1487).
Weblink : Spain
Tourism .Com |
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1489
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6
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Girolamo
Savonarola, religious and political
reformer, visits pulpit of San Marco
and speaks on the sinfulness and apostasy
of the time - a great & popular
triumph. He was hailed by some as an
inspired prophet .... in morals and
religion, not in theology, Savonarola
may be regarded as a forefunner of the
Reformation (Chambers Biographical Dictionary)
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1489
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6
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INDIA
: Yasuf Adil Shah, a former slave becomes
ruler of Bijapur India Bijapur came
under Muslim influence, first under
Allaudin Khilji, the Sultan of Delhi,
towards the end of the 13th century,
and then under the Bahamani kings of
Bidar in 1347. In 1481, Mohammed III,
one of the Bahamani Sultans, appointed
Yusuf Adil Khan as the Governor of Bijapur.
One of the sons of Sultan Mahmud II
of Turkey. Yusuf Adil Khan fled his
country on the death of his father,
to escape the massacre of crown prince
in the battle for succession to the
throne. He was purchased as a slave
by Mahmud Gavan, the Prime Minister
of Mohammed III. With the decline of
the Bahamani power at Bidar, Yusuf declared
his independence in 1489 and thus became
the founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty
which survived as a kingdom till its
annexation by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb
in 1686. Weblink : Bijapur.net
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1490
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7
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ITALY
: First beginning of ballet in Italian
Courts The earliest precursors to
ballets were lavish entertainments given
in the courts of Renaissance Italy.
These elaborate spectacles, which united
painting, poetry, music, and dancing,
took place in large halls that were
used also for banquets and balls. A
dance performance given in 1489 actually
was performed between the courses of
a banquet, and the action was closely
related to the menu: For instance, the
story of Jason and the Golden Fleece
preceded the roast lamb. The dancers
based their performance on the social
dances of the day. Weblink : Ballet
History |
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1490
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7
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First
Orphanages in Italy & Holland |
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1491
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8
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England
: Henry VIII - future King of England
born Henry VIII was the second son
of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York.
Weblink : Britannica.Com
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1492
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9
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Granada
: Spanish conquer Granada and extinguish
the Moorish Kingdom Until 1492 Granada
symbolised economic and cultural wealth,
but internal struggles weakened the
kingdom, allowing it to be taken by
the Catholic Monarchs. Initially, Arab
citizens were allowed to continue living
according to their traditions. In 1499,
however, Cardinal Cisneros forced all
Muslims to be baptised as Christians.
Later this policy was extended to the
prohibition of their clothing, customs
and language and the imposition of high
taxes. During this period many mosques
were either destroyed or converted into
monasteries or other religious and public
buildings. Weblink : Worldfacts.us
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1492
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9
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France
: Charles VIII takes control of affairs
in France By the early 1490’s he
had fallen under the influence of Etienne
de Vesc who persuaded Charles that he
could lead a successful military force
into northern Italy. Charles was known
to be a romantic and his head was filled
with the ideas of grandeur of the Crusades
against the Turks. He also had a very
remote claim to the Kingdom of Naples
and it is possible that he believed
that by taking Naples he could use it
as a platform to launch a campaign against
the Turks and conquer Jerusalem for
the Christians who would then be eternally
grateful to him.
Weblink : History
Learning Site |
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1492
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9
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England
: Henry VII invades France after French
support an imposter to the throne
Henry VII made a show of strength, offensive
and defensive aims (asserted Henry V’s
claim to the French Crown). Invaded
northern France with 26,000 men. Charles
VIII’s eyes were turning to Italy, and
his aim was to make a quick treaty.
Treaty of Etaples by which Charles VIII
agreed to drop his support for Perkin
Warbeck and other rebels, to indemnify
the costs of Henry’s interventions in
Brittany, and to reimburse the arrears
of Edward IV’s pension due by 1475 treaty.
Weblink : Tudors.org
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1492
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9
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Spain
: By order of the Inquisitor General,
Torquemada, Spain - Jews are given three
months to accept Christianity or leave
the country. On July 30 of that
year, the entire Jewish community, some
200,000 people, were expelled from Spain.
Tens of thousands of refugees died while
trying to reach safety. In some instances,
Spanish ship captains charged Jewish
passengers exorbitant sums, then dumped
them overboard in the middle of the
ocean. In the last days before the expulsion,
rumors spread throughout Spain that
the fleeing refugees had swallowed gold
and diamonds, and many Jews were knifed
to death by brigands hoping to find
treasures in their stomachs.
Ferdinand and Isabella rejected Torquemada's
demand that the Jews be expelled until
January 1492, when the Spanish Army
defeated Muslim forces in Granada, thereby
restoring the whole of Spain to Christian
rule. With their most important project,
the country's unification, accomplished,
the king and queen concluded that the
Jews were expendable. Weblink : US-Israel.Org
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1492
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9
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Italy
: Leonardo Da Vinci draws a Flying Machine
Leonardo's output is the epitome of
that extraordinary period of human history
which was the Italian Renaissance, a
period of great cultural advances and
of great projects. Leonardo's output
is the expression of the men and women
of the time, of what they felt and did,
of the machines they built so that in
turn they could build churches, palaces,
fortresses; machines for waging war,
for work, for the manufacture and trade
of all those goods whose availability
was of such great importance to the
rulers and their courts.
Weblink : Science
Museum |
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1492
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9
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Spain
: Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain finance
the first voyage of Italian Columbus
to the New World
"Whereas, Most Christian, High, Excellent,
and Powerful Princes, King and Queen
of Spain and of the Islands of the Sea,
our Sovereigns, this present year 1492,
after your Highnesses had terminated
the war with the Moors reigning in Europe,
the same having been brought to an end
in the great city of Granada, where
on the second day of January, this present
year, I saw the royal banners of your
Highnesses planted by force of arms
upon the towers of the Alhambra, which
is the fortress of that city, and saw
the Moorish king come out at the gate
of the city and kiss the hands of your
Highnesses, and of the Prince my Sovereign;
and in the present month, in consequence
of the information which I had given
your Highnesses respecting the countries
of India and of a Prince, called Great
Can, which in our language signifies
King of Kings, how, at many times he,
and his predecessors had sent to Rome
soliciting instructors who might teach
him our holy faith, and the holy Father
had never granted his request, whereby
great numbers of people were lost, believing
in idolatry and doctrines of perdition.
Your Highnesses, as Catholic Christians,
and princes who love and promote the
holy Christian faith, and are enemies
of the doctrine of Mahomet, and of all
idolatry and heresy, determined to send
me, Christopher Columbus, to the above-mentioned
countries of India, to see the said
princes, people, and territories, and
to learn their disposition and the proper
method of converting them to our holy
faith;
and furthermore directed that I should
not proceed by land to the East, as
is customary, but by a Westerly route,
in which direction we have hitherto
no certain evidence that any one has
gone.... "
Weblink : Columbus'
Journal Entry |
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1492
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9
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Haiti
: Columbus discovers the Bahamas, Cuba,
Haiti and the Santa Maria is wrecked
off Haiti on December 25 Santa María
was Columbus’s flagship on his first
and most remembered voyage, although
he did not like the ship because it
was large and slow. Santa María ran
aground on a sandbar near what is now
Cap Haïtien, Haïti, on Christmas Eve
of 1492. Weblink : Ships
of Discovery |
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1493
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10
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Turks
invade Dalmatia and Croatia |
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1493
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10
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Columbus
returns to Palos and leaves Spain on
his second voyage on September 25th
(till June 11, 1496) During this time
he discovers Puerto Rico, Dominica and
Jamaica |
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A
Historian Looks at Jesus
Paul
Johnson |
The
Anzac Spirit
Page
One
... Two
Col
Stringer |
Sir
Raymond Lionel Leane
Ronald
Hopkins |
The
Piggin Lecture on William Wilberforce (PDF)
Professor
Stuart Piggin, March 2007 |
On
This Day 220 Years Ago
Gordon
Moyes |
A
Lovable Rogue
Gordon
Moyes |
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The
Explorers
- Hebrews 11:13-16 |
The Women
- Esther 4:1-17 |
The
Convicts
-
Acts 16:16-30
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The Missionaries
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Acts 28:1-10
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The
Governors
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Acts 25:1-12
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The
Explorers
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Hebrews 10:19-25
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The
Educators
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Psalm 22:1-6
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The
Pioneers
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Hebrews 12:1-3 |
Wrestling
With God
Story
of Edward Eagar |
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| Richard
Johnson 1753-1827 |
| Alfred
Deakin 1856-1919 |
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Martin
Luther Timeline
1452-1493
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Martin
Luther Timeline
1494-1510 |
Martin
Luther Timeline
1511-1522 |
Martin
Luther Timeline
1523 - 1546 |
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The
Life of William Wilberforce & his impact on Australia
Senate
Speech: Guy Barnett - 29th March 2007 |
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| Blood,
Toil, Tears and Sweat - Winston Churchill, May 1940 |
| We
shall Fight them on the Beaches - Winston Churchill, June 1940 |
| The
Price of Greatness is Responsibility - Winston Churchill, 1943 |
| Broadcast
to the Nation of Israel - David Ben Gurion, 1948 |
| I
have a Dream - Martin Luther King Jr, 1963 |
| Broadcast
to the Nation of Israel - Levi Eshkol, 1967 |
| Broadcast
to the Nation of Israel - Golda Meir, 1973 |
| I
Have Sinned - Bill Clinton, September 11, 1998 |
| Eli
Wiesel - 1999 Millenium Lecturers |
| Text
of Bush's address September 11, 2001
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| Transcript
of President Bush's address to a joint session of Congress September 20,
2001
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| Transcript
of PM. John Howards Address to Parliament, 14th October, 2004 - Bali Bombing |
| Anniversary
of Holocaust - Chancellor Gerhard Schroder - January 25, 2005 |
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